USE: Prostate specific antigen is localized in both normal prostatic epithelial cells and prostatic carcinoma cells. Serum PSA is markedly elevated in prostatic carcinoma. However increased levels are also seen in benign prostatic hypertrophy, prostatitis, prostatic ischemia and/or infarction and acute renal failure. Normal levels do not exclude prostatic carcinoma. Use of Test: Diagnosis and monitoring the course of prostatic carcinoma. It is not recommended as a screening test for carcinoma of the prostate. Indication: Monitoring course and therapy of localized and metastatic prostatic carcinoma Comments: Tissue-specific but not tumour-specific. PSA is present in small quantities in the serum of men with healthy prostates, but is often elevated in the presence of prostate cancer and in other prostate disorders. Important: Blood sample should be taken before rectal examination.